One can trace the development of large and small architectural forms in astronomy of the 19th-20th centuries, using presented observatories as an example of historico-cultural monuments. Development of observatories provided possibilities to carry out unique astronomical observations by using specific architectural complexes. The observatories were created to provide solutions for long-termed complex scientific problems, which have a strong connection to the history of astronomy and relate to European and world culture in general. It makes possible to implement a modern service of solar weather, which is necessary for development and activity of the Earth's civilization. Modern knowledge about structure, composition and evolution of the Sun was obtained during many years. The second important achievement was successful research of the Sun, which allows us to study solar processes and predict solar activity and its influence on the Earth's civilization. Since 1935 this system has been used as the reference coordinate system for astronomy and geodesy. The celestial coordinate system was created on the basis of these catalogues. Five fundamental catalogues of stars were created during 200 years as the result of combined efforts of many observatories all over the world. The first important achievement was a creation of the fundamental celestial coordinate system, which allows us to improve astronomical constants, to answer fundamental cosmological questions related with the origin and evolution of universe. The history of these observatories is connected with two outstanding achievements in astronomy of the 19th-20th centuries. Within the framework of the thematic initiative "Astronomy and World Heritage", Ukraine represents four observatories: the RI Mykolayiv Astronomical Observatory, the Astronomical Observatory of Kyiv National University, the RI Astronomical Observatory of Odesa National University, the RI Crimean Astrophysical Observatory, which belong to the same historico-cultural group.
ASTRONOMICAL OBSERVATORY SERIAL
World's Astronomy Monuments is a project of serial transnational group of historico-cultural monuments, which have outstanding universal value and are connected with other observatories, architectural complexes and separate buildings in the world. Research Institute (RI) Crimean Astrophysical Observatory.Research Institue (RI) Astronomical Observatory of Odesa National University.Astronomical Observatory of Kyiv National University.Research Institute (RI) Mykolayiv Astronimical Observatory.
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